Children from Infancy to adolescence possess important anatomical and physiological difference in comparison to adults. There exist some unique anatomical and physiological differences that need to be taken into consideration while when caring for infants and children. The younger the child, the more are differences which narrow down towards the adulthood.

Thus, Paediatric surgery is a separate interventional specialty that covers the diagnosis, treatment, and care of children from infancy to adolescence.

The scope of Paediatric surgery encompasses various conditions like:

• Birth defects also known as Congenital defects or congenital anomalies, are structural or functional abnormalities that occur during a baby’s development, while in the mother’s womb. These include Surgical repair of birth defects in the lungs, esophagus, intestinal tract, abdominal wall, and diaphragm.
• Abnormalities Correction of abnormalities using surgical procedure in the groin, such as hernias, hydroceles, and undescended testes.
• Emergencies Urgent and emergent operations, such as appendectomies, bowel obstructions, and abdominal emergencies
• Injuries Surgical repair of injuries such as burns, liver lacerations, knife wounds, and gunshot wounds
• Cancers Diagnosis and surgical care of cancers, including removal of tumors from the chest, abdomen, skin/fat, testicles, and ovaries
• Chronic conditions Surgical management of chronic medical conditions, such as pediatric cancers, gastrointestinal disorders, neurological conditions, or urological abnormalities