Couple unable to achieve pregnancy after 1 year of regular unprotected intercourse.
Male factors accounts for 30%
Female factors accounts for 30%
Combined – 30%
Unexplained – 30%
Ovarian factors : –
Effect of age
Chronic anovulation- PCOS
Central and hypothalamic anovulation
Ovarian cysts – endometriosis and others
Tuboperitoneal factors: –
Endometriosis
Infection
Chlamydia trachomatis
Gonococci
Previous sterilization
Uterus: –
Myomas
Mullerian malformation
Polyps>/li>
Adhesion
Cervix: –
Anatomical distortion
Thin cervical channel
Iatrogenic (Conization)
Infections
Immunologic
Immunologic factors: –
Male
– Serum
– Semen
– Sperm
Female
– Serum
– Vaginal and cervical secretions
– Follicular fluid
Unexplained :-
Abnormal tubal function
Failed fertilization
Poor embryo development
Failed implantation
Others
Infertility may be treated with medicine, surgery, artificial insemination or assisted reproductive technology based on couples test results and other factors.
There are severe grades of severity and its important to establish a prognosis after a work up.
Doctors use the histories of both partners and may run tests such as;
- Sperm studies
- ovulation tests,
- Ultrasonography (USG)
- Hystero-salpingography (HSG)
- Laparoscopy (Diagnostic / Operative)
- Hysteroscopy (Diagnostic /Operative)
In the form of pills / injections, these release hormones that induce ovulation to boost egg production and make the uterus more receptive to embryo implantation.
Specially prepared (washed) sperm is inserted directly into the uterus through a thin, flexible catheter during IVI, the most common fertility method.
Doctor might recommend that you take fertility drugs as well to increase the changes to fertilization.
implanted in your uterus and the rest are stored. Multi step process (called a cycle) in which yours eggs are extracted and fertilized with sperm in laboratory. Once embryos develop, one or two are
It is otherwise known as Fertility Enhancing Endoscopic Surgery. Used to correct anatomical abnormalities, i,e septate uterus, subseptate uterus, difficult cannulation, removal of scarring and clear blockages, in either the man or the women.